INTRODUCTION

⋅Effective Microorganisms (EM) developed by Professor Teruo Higa, University of Ryukyu, Japan
⋅Research to improve soil quality, health and growth, yield & quality of plants
⋅EM contain 80 species of beneficial microorganisms including lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, photosynthetic bacteria, and actinomycetes, fungi
⋅Originally developed as microbial enhancer for farm soil applications & crop production
⋅Subsequently found successful applications in waste sector
⋅EM has reviving action on humans, animals, and natural environment – multicultural of coexisting anaerobic and aerobic beneficial microorganisms
⋅EM is non-pathogenic and generate end-products that are easy to handle

⋅EM microorganisms are natural – not genetically engineered (Not GMO)
⋅EM includes both aerobic and anaerobic species of microorganisms co-exist at pH 3.5
⋅EM is safe organic technology used over 150 countries in agriculture, waste management, military and Red Cross to aid in natural disasters and ecology recovery.
⋅Widely researched that EM cause decomposition of organic matter into simpler forms – render less harmful
⋅Suitable for wastewater treatment
⋅EM reduce sludge and mitigate odour – reduce cost of sludge treatment & odour control
⋅In bioremediation, group of microorganisms are more efficient than single species
⋅EM – group of microorganisms of unique characteristics biodegrade pollutants more efficiently

Functions of Microbial Species in EM

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